human-computer interaction

we learnd about.....following this week

•key point that has implications for the aesthetic, ethics and evaluation of human-computer interaction

•history of HCI from a tools perspective

•conversational models of the interface: the intersection of AI and HCI

•question for today: what problem does Weizenbaum’s ELIZA system address or solve?

•the answer of AI

•the answer of Ethnomethodology

human-computer interaction

Human–computer interaction (HCI) is the study of interaction between people (users) and computers. It is often regarded as the intersection of computer science, behavioral sciences, design and several other fields of study. Interaction between users and computers occurs at the user interface (or simply interface), which includes both software and hardware, for example, general-purpose computer peripherals and large-scale mechanical systems, such as aircraft and power plants. The following definition is given by the Association for Computing Machinery[1]:
"Human-computer interaction is a discipline concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them."
Because human-computer interaction studies a human and a machine in conjunction, it draws from supporting knowledge on both the machine and the human side. On the machine side, techniques in computer graphics, operating systems, programming languages, and development environments are relevant. On the human side, communication theory, graphic and industrial design disciplines, linguistics, social sciences, cognitive psychology, and human performance are relevant. And, of course, engineering and design methods are relevant.HCI is also sometimes referred to as man–machine interaction (MMI) or computer–human interaction

•People often interact with media technologies as though the technologies were people.

and about design..

If we view objects, technologies and natural phenomenon as if they do, in fact, have goals and intentions, then we will design like an artificial intelligence researcher.
On the other hand, if we view objects, technologies and natural phenomenon as if the just look like they have goals and intentions, then we will design like a tool builder for human “users” or “operators” of our tools.

History of HCI as tools people..

–Vannevar Bush: memex
–J.C.R. Licklider: computer networking, agents
–Ivan Sutherland: sketchpad
–Doug Engelbart: mouse, GUI, word processing, etc.
–Ted Nelson: hypertext
–Alan Kay: object-oriented programming, laptops, ...

and let;s think about aliza system.

the artificial intelligence answer: it does (or does not) behave like a human and is therefore successful (or not successful)
the ethnomethodology answer: it is taken to be a like a person in a conversation and thus simply works like most other technologies in a social situation

and aliza's algorithm

•If the last two answers were “No,” then answer “Yes.”
•Else, if more than 20 total answers, then answer “Yes.”
•Else, if the question ends in vowel, then answer “No.”
•Else, if question ends in “Y,” then answer “Maybe.”
•Else, answer “Yes.”

it's a simple mathod but creative !!

Artificial Intelligence

Alan Turing





Alan Mathison Turing, OBE, FRS (23 June 1912–7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, logician, and cryptographer.
Turing is often considered to be the father of modern computer science. Turing provided an influential formalisation of the concept of the algorithm and computation with the Turing machine. With the Turing test, he made a significant and characteristically provocative contribution to the debate regarding artificial intelligence: whether it will ever be possible to say that a machine is conscious and can think. He later worked at the National Physical Laboratory, creating one of the first designs for a stored-program computer, although it was never actually built. In 1948 he moved to the University of Manchester to work on the Manchester Mark I, then emerging as one of the world's earliest true computers.
During the Second World War Turing worked at Bletchley Park, Britain's codebreaking centre, and was for a time head of Hut 8, the section responsible for German naval cryptanalysis. He devised a number of techniques for breaking German ciphers, including the method of the bombe, an electromechanical machine that could find settings for the Enigma machine.






artificial intelligence: a definition






artificial intelligence [AI] is the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence [as] if done by [humans]

i agree..!!..

and

artificial intelligence: research areas

•Knowledge Representation
•Programming Languages
•Natural Language (e.g., Story) Understanding
•Speech Understanding
•Vision
•Robotics
•Machine Learning
•Planning
•………..

amazing and..hard!!

planning as a technical problem..

following(Tower of Hanoi) is famous problem in discrete mathematics

Most toy versions of the puzzle have 8 disks. The game seems impossible to many novices, yet is solvable with a simple algorithm

[edit] Simple solution
The following solution is a simple solution for the toy puzzle.
Alternate moves between the smallest piece and a non-smallest piece. When moving the smallest piece, always move it in the same direction (either to the left or to the right, but be consistent). If there is no tower in the chosen direction, move it to the opposite end. When the turn is to move the non-smallest piece, there is only one legal move

anyway.. this lecture was fun and good^^

Social networks

this week, we learned about social networks as something.

first, social networks as science..

social network analysis is an interdisciplinary social science, but has been of especial concern to sociologists;
recently, physicists and mathematicians have made large contributions to understanding networks in general (as graphs) and thus contributed to an understanding of social networks too

so , i think that networks are part in science..

next social networks as technology

email, newsgroups, and weblogs in the design of the arpanet (the forerunner to the internet) email was an afterthought!

fanally social networks as art

so, i think that central factor is important